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2-Deoxy-D-Ribose (2dDR)

What is 2-deoxy-D-Ribose (2dDR) ?

2dDR is a simple sugar that the body uses as a building block of DNA. It is also produced when thymidine, one of the four DNA nucleosides, is broken down by the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase during tissue stress, low oxygen, or wound repair. As a result, 2dDR exists in the body in two distinct forms: as an essential structural component of genetic material and as a naturally occurring signalling molecule released during cellular renewal and tissue repair.  

During these repair processes, 2dDR has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell proliferation and migration - two key steps in forming new microvessels (angiogenesis) in areas where oxygen and nutrients are limited. Through this pro-angiogenic activity, 2dDR helps create conditions that support tissue regeneration and healthier local microcirculation.

2dDR and Hair Biology

These effects were first identified in wound-healing and angiogenesis research, where hydrogels and dressings containing low concentrations of 2dDR promoted faster wound closure and increased vascularisation in diabetic wound models. Because active hair follicles depend heavily on an adequate microvascular supply, these findings have prompted interest in whether the biological effects of 2dDR might also influence follicle function. 

Evidence for Hair Regrowth 

In 2024, a published study evaluated the effects of 2dDR in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia. In this model, a sodium alginate gel containing 2dDR was applied once daily to the depilated dorsal side of mice for 20 days. The study reported that the effects of 2dDR were similar in magnitude to minoxidil, which served as a positive control. 

Key observations included:

  • Longer, thicker hair growth
  • A greater proportion of follicles in the anagen (growth) phase
  • Increased follicle density
  • More melanin in the hair bulb (a recognised marker of follicle activation in this mouse model)
  • A higher number of blood vessels surrounding each follicle

This study provides the strongest early indication that the pro-angiogenic activity of 2dDR may translate into meaningful effects on follicle behaviour - at least in preclinical models. 

Human studies in hair loss have not yet been conducted. However, a Phase 1 clinical trial is scheduled to evaluate a 2dDR hydrogel for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, marking the first step toward assessing topical safety in humans.