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Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 - A Next-Generation Regenerative Peptide

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3, also known as KGHK, is a synthetic peptide engineered to replicate the regenerative effects of a natural protein fragment found in SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) - a structural glycoprotein involved in tissue remodeling, wound healing, and hair follicle function.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 is closely related to the well known tripeptide GHK and its copper counterpart GHK-Cu. While the latter originated from human plasma and is known for copper delivery and anti-aging benefits, the KGHK motif - determined to be the minimum subunit required for biological activity - is derived from a longer section of the SPARC peptide sequence responsible for cell-matrix signalling, collagen stimulation, and angiogenesis. Chemical modification of KGHK by acetylation (hence the prefix "Acetyl") improves stability and bioavailability in topical applications.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 helps reinforce the strucural integrity of the hair follicle. It does so by stimulating the synthesis of key extracellular matrix proteins - collagen types I and III, laminin-5, and fibronectin - which are essential for maintaining the dermal-epidermal junction and anchoring the follicle firmly in the scalp.

This peptide gained prominence through its inclusion in Capixyl, a well-known cosmetic active combining this peptide with red clover extract rich in Biochanin A. In a clinical study conducted on 30 volunteers with signs of hair thinning, a topical formula containing 5% Capixyl (in a hydroalcoholic base of 20% alcohol and 75% water) was applied once daily to the scalp for 4 consecutive months. The working concentration of Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 in the formulation was 15 ppm (0.0015 wt%). 

The key outcomes observed were:

  • +13% increase in hair density
  • -46% reduction in hair loss during washing

Additional ex vivo lab studies also demonstrated a 35% increase in hair follicle size, providing strong evidence that Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 supports hair regrowth by improving follicle structure and scalp anchoring mechanisms. 

An additional clinical study used a combination of Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3, Biochanin-A and ginseng extract. This herbal extract combination was found to give similar results to 3% minoxidil at 24 weeks. The relative concentrations of the active components were not disclosed in this study.

These findings highlight Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 as a clinically backed ingredient that may complement existing hair regrowth routines - particularly when used alongside proven actives like minoxidil.